:root {
    /* ============================= */
    /* Base Colors */
    --white-primary: #FFFFFF;
    --white-muted: #F5F5F5;

    --black-primary: #000000;
    --black-secondary: #1C1C1C;

    /* ============================= */
    /* Text Colors */
    --text-primary: #0b0d12;
    --text-secondary: #4f545c;
    --text-secondary-overlay: #1f2328;
    --text-muted: #C4C4C4;
    --text-inverse: #FFFFFF;

    /* ============================= */
    /* Accent Colors (Construction Theme) */
    --accent-primary: #FF8200;   /* Industrial Reddish-Orange */
    --accent-secondary: #FF9C00; /* Construction Gold */

    /* ============================= */
    /* UI Elements */
    --background-main: var(--white-primary);
    --background-section: var(--white-muted);

    --navbar-bg: var(--white-primary);
    --footer-bg: var(--black-primary);

    --link-default: var(--accent-primary);
    --link-hover: var(--accent-secondary);

    --button-primary-bg: var(--accent-primary);
    --button-primary-text: var(--text-inverse);
    --button-primary-hover-bg: var(--accent-secondary);
    --button-primary-hover-text: var(--text-inverse);

    --divider-color: #353535;
    --border-light: #e0e0e0;

    /* Navbar height */
    --navbar-height: 80px;
}

/* =========================================================
   RESET & BASE
========================================================= */
html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

body {
    background-color: var(--white-primary);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

/* =========================================================
   FONT Hierarchy
========================================================= */
body,
p,
a,
li,
span,
button,
input,
textarea {
    font-family: 'Manrope', sans-serif;
}

/* Headings */

.text-box h1, .text-box h1 .accent,
.section-heading h1,
.About_Section h1,
.topic-card h3, .topic-card h3 .accent,
.article-card h3, .article-card h3 .accent,
.quote-section blockquote {
    font-family: 'Exo 2', sans-serif;
}
/* Logo */

#navbar__logo,
.footer-brand h2 {
    font-family: 'Orbitron', sans-serif;
}
/* =========================================================
   NAVBAR
========================================================= */
.navbar {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: var(--navbar-height);
    z-index: 9999;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92); /* slightly translucent */
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);          /* modern glass effect */
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
}

.navbar__container {
    max-width: 1300px;
    height: 100%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

/* Logo */
#navbar__logo {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: var(--black-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Menu */
.navbar__menu {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    align-items: center;
}

.navbar__item {
    height: 50px;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.navbar__links {
    position: relative;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 0 1.1rem;
    height: 100%;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    transition: color 0.25s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.12), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
}

.nav-txt {
    display: inline-block; /* needed so ::after can size to the text */
    position: relative;
}

.nav-txt::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: -15px;
    width: 100%;
    height: 4px;
    transform: translateX(-50%) scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: center;
    background: var(--accent-primary);
    transition: transform .75s cubic-bezier(.2,.8,.2,1);
    pointer-events: none;
    z-index: 2;
}

/* show the underline */
.navbar__links:hover .nav-txt::after,
.navbar__links:focus-visible .nav-txt::after,
.navbar__links.active .nav-txt::after,
.navbar__item:focus-within .nav-txt::after {
    transform: translateX(-50%) scaleX(1.15);
}

/* color on hover/focus/active */
.navbar__links:hover,.navbar__links:focus-visible,.navbar__links.active {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    text-shadow: 0 2px 12px rgba(255,130,0,0.22), 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
    outline: none;
}

/* Mobile toggle */
.navbar__toggle {
    display: none;              
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    padding: 8px;
    cursor: pointer;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 6px;
    z-index: 1200;
    width: 44px;
    height: 40px;
    box-sizing: content-box;
}

/* the three bars */
.navbar__toggle .bar {
    display: block;           
    width: 28px;
    height: 3px;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: var(--accent-primary, #ff7200);
    transform-origin: center;
    transition: transform .25s ease, opacity .2s ease;
}

@media screen and (max-width: 1300px) {
    .navbar {
        transition: top 0.35s ease;
    }

    .navbar__toggle {
        display: inline-flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
    } 

    .navbar__container {
        position: relative;
    }

    .navbar__menu {
        position: absolute;
        top: -1000px;
        left: 0;
        width: 100%;
        background-color: #ffffff;
        flex-direction: column;
        transition: top 0.35s ease;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
        padding-bottom: 10px;
    }

    .navbar__menu.active {
        top: 80px;
    }
    
    .navbar__item {
        position: relative;
        width: 100%;
        height: auto;
        justify-content: center;
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }
    
    .nav-txt::after {
        display: none !important;
        transition: none !important;
        transform: none !important;
        opacity: 0 !important;
    }

    .navbar__links {
        display: block;
        width: 100%;
        padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem 1.25rem 2.5rem;
        box-sizing: border-box;
        border-radius: 12px;
        position: relative;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .navbar__links:hover, .navbar__links.active, .navbar__item:focus-within .navbar__links {
        color: var(--accent-primary);  
    }

    .navbar__links::before {
        content: "";
        position: absolute;
        left: 12px;
        top: 50%;
        transform: translateY(-50%) scaleY(0);
        transform-origin: center;
        width: 6px;
        height: 30px;               /* final height */
        background: var(--accent-primary);
        border-radius: 4px;
        transition: transform .75s cubic-bezier(.2,.9,.2,1);
        z-index: 3;
        pointer-events: none;
    }

    .navbar__links::after {
        content: "";
        position: absolute;
        left: 8px;
        top: 50%;
        transform: translateY(-50%) scaleY(0);
        transform-origin: center;
        width: calc(100% - 16px);
        height: 50px;
        background: rgba(255,156,0,0.14);
        border-radius: 12px;
        transition: transform .75s cubic-bezier(.2,.9,.2,1), opacity .18s linear;
        z-index: 2;
        pointer-events: none;
        opacity: 0;
    }

    .navbar__links:hover::before,
    .navbar__links.active::before,
    .navbar__item:focus-within .navbar__links::before {
        transform: translateY(-50%) scaleY(1.15);
    }

    .navbar__links:hover::after,
    .navbar__links.active::after,
    .navbar__item:focus-within .navbar__links::after {
        transform: translateY(-50%) scaleY(1);
        opacity: 1;
    }

    .navbar__toggle.is-active .bar:nth-child(1) {
        transform: translateY(9px) rotate(45deg);
    }

    .navbar__toggle.is-active .bar:nth-child(2) {
        opacity: 0;
    }

    .navbar__toggle.is-active .bar:nth-child(3) {
        transform: translateY(-9px) rotate(-45deg);
    }
}

/* =========================================================
   HERO SECTION
========================================================= */
.hero {
    position: relative;
    height: 100vh;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* HERO IMAGE */
.hero__bg {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
    z-index: 1;
    animation: heroZoom 18s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
    object-position: center 35%;
}

@keyframes heroZoom {
    from {
        transform: scale(1);
    }
    to {
        transform: scale(1.08);
    }
}

/* OVERLAY LAYERS */
.hero::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background:
        linear-gradient(
            rgba(0,0,0,0.35),
            rgba(0,0,0,0.35)
        ),

        linear-gradient(
            to bottom,
            hsla(33, 100%, 89%, 0.4) 0%,
            hsla(33, 100%, 89%, 0.2) 8%,
            hsla(35, 100%, 81%, 0.1) 14%,
            transparent 22%
        ),
        linear-gradient(
            to top,
            hsla(33, 100%, 89%, 0.4) 0%,
            hsla(33, 100%, 89%, 0.2) 8%,
            hsla(35, 100%, 81%, 0.1) 14%,
            transparent 22%
        ),
        radial-gradient(
            ellipse at 80% 0%,
            rgba(255, 200, 120, 0.15) 0%,
            transparent 60%
        ),
        radial-gradient(
            ellipse at 20% 100%,
            rgba(255, 200, 120, 0.15) 0%,
            transparent 60%
        );
    z-index: 2;
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* =========================================================
   HERO IMAGE LABEL
========================================================= */

.hero-image-label {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 18px;
    right: 18px;
    z-index: 20;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(255, 248, 240, 0.82);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    color: rgba(40, 40, 40, 0.9);
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.14);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.28);
    user-select: none;
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   MOBILE
--------------------------------------------------------- */

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .hero-image-label {
        bottom: 14px;
        right: 14px;
        font-size: 0.72rem;
        padding: 5px 10px;
    }
}

/* =========================================================
   HERO TEXT
========================================================= */
.hero__content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 5;
    width: 100%;
    padding-top: var(--navbar-height);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
}

.text-box {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1300px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 25px;
    text-align: center;
    color: #fff;
    padding:
        clamp(1rem, 2vw, 2rem)
        clamp(1rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   MAIN TITLE
--------------------------------------------------------- */
.text-box h1 {
    margin: 0;
    max-width: 1000px;
    font-size: clamp(3rem, 5.5vw, 5.5rem);
    font-weight: 900;
    line-height: 1.05;
    color: rgba(255, 252, 247, 0.98);
    text-wrap: balance;
    text-shadow:
        0 10px 35px rgba(0,0,0,0.42),
        0 3px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.22);
}

/* ACCENT */
.text-box h1 .accent {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    text-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(255, 190, 120, 0.18);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   SUBTITLE
--------------------------------------------------------- */

.text-box p {
    margin: 0;
    width: min(720px, 92%);
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.75vw, 1.25rem);
    font-weight: 500;
    line-height: 1.55;
    letter-spacing: 0.015em;
    color: rgba(255, 247, 235, 0.9);
    text-shadow: 0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.32);
    text-wrap: balance;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   CTA BUTTON
--------------------------------------------------------- */
.text-box a {
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0.95rem 2rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-primary), var(--accent-secondary));
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.18);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0,0,0,0.18);
    transition:
        transform 0.25s ease,
        box-shadow 0.25s ease,
        filter 0.25s ease;
}

.text-box a:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    filter: brightness(1.03);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(0,0,0,0.24);
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------
   MOBILE
--------------------------------------------------------- */

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .hero__content {
        padding: 6rem 1.25rem 4rem;
    }

    .text-box {
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .text-box h1 {
        font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 10vw, 4rem);
        line-height: 1.08;
        letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    }

    .text-box p {
        width: 100%;
        font-size: 1.08rem;
        line-height: 1.55;
    }

    .text-box a {
        width: 100%;
        max-width: 280px;
    }
}

/* =========================================================
   PAGE LAYOUT
========================================================= */

.page-layout {
    width: 100%;
    background: var(--white-primary);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 2.75rem;
    padding: 2.5rem 1.5rem 6rem;
}

/* shared section width */

.About_Section,
.topics-section,
.latest-section,
.quote-section {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1200px;
}

/* =========================================================
   SECTION HEADINGS
========================================================= */

.section-heading {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.section-heading h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 5vw, 4rem); /* increased size */
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.05;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    position: relative;
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
    text-wrap: balance;
}

/* accent underline */
.section-heading h1::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: 0;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 170px;
    height: 5px;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, var(--accent-primary), transparent);
    border-radius: 2px;
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.section-heading p {
    max-width: 760px; /* slightly wider for balance */
    margin: 0 auto;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 550;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: rgba(40,40,40,0.72);
    text-wrap: balance;
}

/* =========================================================
   SECTION HEADING MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {

    .section-heading {
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }

    .section-heading h1 {
        font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 9vw, 3.2rem);
        line-height: 1.08;
        margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
        padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
    }

    .section-heading h1::after {
        width: 130px;
        height: 4px;
    }

    .section-heading p {
        font-size: 1.02rem;
        line-height: 1.65;
    }
}

/* =========================================================
   SECTION DIVIDER
========================================================= */

.section-divider {
    width: min(1100px, 88%);
    height: 1px;
    margin: 2.25rem auto;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, rgba(0,0,0,0.12), rgba(255,140,0,0.22),rgba(0,0,0,0.12), transparent);
    position: relative;
}

/* subtle glowing center accent */
.section-divider::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    width: 120px;
    height: 4px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(to right,transparent,var(--accent-primary),transparent);
    opacity: 0.55;
    filter: blur(0.5px);
}

/* =========================================================
   SECTION DIVIDER MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .section-divider {
        margin: 1.75rem auto;
        width: 92%;
    }

    .section-divider::after {
        width: 90px;
    }
}

/* =========================================================
   ABOUT SECTION
========================================================= */

.About_Section {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1100px;
    margin: 2.25rem auto;
    padding: 0 1.5rem;
}

/* =========================================================
   HEADING
========================================================= */

.About_Section h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 5vw, 4rem);
    font-weight: 800;
    line-height: 1.08;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    position: relative;
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.85rem;
    text-wrap: balance;
}

.About_Section h1::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    bottom: 0;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 160px;
    height: 5px;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, transparent, var(--accent-primary), transparent);
    opacity: 0.9;
}

/* =========================================================
   ABOUT CARD
========================================================= */

.about-card {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 760px;
    padding:
        clamp(1.4rem, 3vw, 2.1rem)
        clamp(1.2rem, 3vw, 2rem);
    border-radius: 22px;
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.96), rgba(255,248,240,0.92));
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    box-shadow:
        0 8px 28px rgba(0,0,0,0.07),
        0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    text-align: left;
}

/* =========================================================
   ABOUT TEXT
========================================================= */

.about-card p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.3vw, 1.08rem);
    font-weight: 550;
    line-height: 1.8;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
    color: rgba(35,35,35,0.88);
    text-wrap: pretty;
}

/* =========================================================
   ABOUT SECTION MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {

    .About_Section {
        margin: 2rem auto;
        padding: 0 1rem;
    }

    .About_Section h1 {
        margin-bottom: 0.9rem;
        padding-bottom: 0.7rem;
    }

    .About_Section h1::after {
        width: 120px;
        height: 4px;
    }

    .about-card {
        border-radius: 18px;
        padding: 1.35rem;
    }

    .about-card p {
        font-size: 1rem;
        line-height: 1.72;
    }
}

/* =========================================================
   TOPICS GRID
========================================================= */

.topics-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.topic-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: 24px;
    text-decoration: none;
    background: linear-gradient( 145deg,rgba(255,255,255,0.96),rgba(255,248,240,0.92));
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(0,0,0,0.07), 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    transition:
        transform 0.25s ease,
        box-shadow 0.25s ease;
}

.topic-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.topic-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 750;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin: 0;
}

.topic-card p {
    margin: 0;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: rgba(40,40,40,0.76);
    font-weight: 550;
}

.topic-card .accent {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

#explore-topics {
    scroll-margin-top: 190px;
}

/* =========================================================
   LATEST ARTICLES
========================================================= */
.latest-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
}

.article-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 26px;
    background: linear-gradient(145deg,rgba(255,255,255,0.97), rgba(255,248,240,0.93));
    border: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.06);
    box-shadow:
        0 10px 30px rgba(0,0,0,0.07),
        0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.04);
    overflow: hidden;
    transition:
        transform 0.28s ease,
        box-shadow 0.28s ease;
}

/* subtle lift */

.article-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow:
        0 16px 36px rgba(0,0,0,0.10),
        0 3px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

/* =========================================================
   ARTICLE IMAGE
========================================================= */

.article-image-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 18px;
    margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
    background: #f5f5f5;
}

.article-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 240px;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center;
    display: block;
    transition:
        transform 0.5s ease,
        filter 0.35s ease;
}

/* image hover */

.article-card:hover .article-image {
    transform: scale(1.045);
    filter: brightness(1.02);
}

/* subtle image overlay */

.article-image-wrapper::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(to top, rgba(0,0,0,0.22) 0%, transparent 35%);
    pointer-events: none;
}

/* =========================================================
   IMAGE CREDIT LABEL
========================================================= */

.article-image-label {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 14px;
    right: 14px;
    z-index: 5;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.3rem;
    padding: 0.45rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(255, 248, 240, 0.82);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.28);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(0,0,0,0.14);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.03em;
    color: rgba(35,35,35,0.9);
}

/* credit link */
.article-image-label a {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 750;
    transition:
        color 0.2s ease,
        opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.article-image-label a:hover {
    opacity: 0.82;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* =========================================================
   ARTICLE CONTENT
========================================================= */

.article-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    flex: 1;
}

.article-tag {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    width: fit-content;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    padding: 0.45rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    background: rgba(255,190,120,0.16);
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 750;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-card h3 {
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    font-weight: 750;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    text-wrap: balance;
}

.article-card .accent {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

.article-card p {
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: rgba(40,40,40,0.76);
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 550;
    flex: 1;
}

.article-card > a,
.article-content > a {
    width: fit-content;
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    font-weight: 750;
    transition:
        transform 0.2s ease,
        opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.article-card > a:hover,
.article-content > a:hover {
    transform: translateX(2px);
    opacity: 0.82;
}

/* =========================================================
   MOBILE
========================================================= */

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {

    .latest-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .article-card {
        padding: 1.2rem;
        border-radius: 22px;
    }

    .article-image {
        height: 210px;
    }

    .article-card h3 {
        font-size: 1.3rem;
    }

    .article-image-label {
        bottom: 12px;
        right: 12px;
        font-size: 0.68rem;
        padding: 0.4rem 0.65rem;
    }
}

#latest-articles {
    scroll-margin-top: 120px;
}

/* =========================================================
   QUOTE SECTION
========================================================= */

.quote-section {
    text-align: center;
    max-width: 900px;
}

.quote-section blockquote {
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2.3rem);
    font-weight: 750;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: rgba(30,30,30,0.9);
}

.quote-section p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--accent-primary);
}

/* =========================================================
   CONTENT GRID RESPONSIVE
========================================================= */

@media screen and (max-width: 900px) {

    .topics-grid,
    .latest-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .page-layout {
        gap: 5rem;
    }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {

    .page-layout {
        padding: 3rem 1rem 5rem;
    }

    .topic-card,
    .article-card {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .quote-section blockquote {
        font-size: 1.5rem;
    }
}

/* =========================================================
   FOOTER (UPDATED)
========================================================= */

.site-footer {
    background: #0f0f0f;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.85);
    padding: 70px 20px 25px;
    margin-top: 0px;
}

/* container layout */
.footer-container {
    max-width: 1300px;
    margin: 0 auto;

    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 2.5fr;
    gap: 45px;
}

/* =========================================================
   BRAND
========================================================= */

.footer-brand h2 {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 1.9rem;
    font-weight: 900;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.footer-brand p {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
    max-width: 350px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* =========================================================
   LINKS
========================================================= */

.footer-links h4 {
    color: white;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.footer-links a {
    display: block;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72);
    text-decoration: none;
    margin-bottom: 9px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    transition: color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    transform: translateX(3px);
}

/* =========================================================
   NOTE / LEGAL SECTION
========================================================= */

.footer-note h4 {
    color: white;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 800;
}

.footer-note p {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.7);
}

/* inline link inside note */
.footer-note a {
    color: var(--accent-primary);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.footer-note a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* =========================================================
   BOTTOM BAR
========================================================= */

.footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.08);
    margin-top: 45px;
    padding-top: 18px;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);
}

/* =========================================================
   FOOTER RESPONSIVE
========================================================= */

@media screen and (max-width: 900px) {
    .footer-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 35px;
    }
}

@media screen and (max-width: 600px) {
    .footer-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: left;
    }

    .footer-brand p {
        max-width: 100%;
    }
}